ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Antibiotics ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu ulu i ka hana holoholona ke nānā nui ʻia nei e ka lehulehu a me ka hoʻohewa ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka bacteria i nā antibiotics a me ke kūʻē ʻana o nā pathogens kanaka a me nā holoholona e pili ana me ka hoʻohana sub-therapeutic a/a i ʻole ka hoʻohana pono ʻole ʻana i nā antibiotics nā mea nui e hopohopo nei.
Ma nā ʻāina o EU, ua pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana holoholona. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua ʻāpono ka Hale o nā ʻElele o ka Hui ʻAmelika i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻoholo ma kāna hālāwai makahiki i Iune e koi ana e hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia paha ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic "non-therapeutic" i nā holoholona. Pili pono ke ana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i hāʻawi ʻia i nā kānaka. Makemake ia i ke aupuni e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i nā holoholona, e hoʻonui ana i ka hoʻolaha a ka hui e kāohi i ke kūʻē ʻana o ke kanaka i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻōla ai i ke ola. Ke nānā ʻia nei ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka antibiotic i ka hana holoholona a ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā hana e kāohi ai i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā lāʻau. Ma Kanada, aia ka hoʻohana ʻana o Carbadox i kēia manawa ma lalo o ka loiloi a Health Canada a ke kū nei i kahi pāpā hiki. No laila, ua maopopo e lilo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i ka hana holoholona i mea kaupalena ʻia a pono e noiʻi ʻia a hoʻolaha ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā mea hoʻolaha ulu antibiotic.
ʻO ka hopena, ke hana mau ʻia nei ka noiʻi e aʻo i nā koho ʻē aʻe no ka pani ʻana i nā antibiotics. ʻO nā koho ʻē aʻe e aʻo ʻia nei mai nā mea kanu, probiotics, prebiotics a me nā waikawa organik i nā mea hoʻohui kemika a me nā mea hana hoʻokele. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui he kūpono ka waikawa formic e kūʻē i nā bacteria pathogenic. Eia naʻe, i ka hana maoli, ma muli o nā pilikia o ka lawelawe ʻana, ka ʻala ikaika a me ka pala i ka hana ʻana i ka hānai a me nā lako hānai a me ka inu ʻana, ua kaupalena ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana. No ka lanakila ʻana i nā pilikia, ua loaʻa ka manaʻo no ka potassium diformate (K-diformate) ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe i ka waikawa formic no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lawelawe ʻana ma mua o ka waikawa maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia he pono ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ulu o nā puaʻa weaner a me nā puaʻa grower-finisher. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia e nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui Mahiʻai o Norewai (J. Anim. Sci. 2000. 78:1875-1884) ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka potassium diformate ma nā pae 0.6-1.2% i ka hana ulu, ka maikaʻi o ke kino make a me ka palekana o ka ʻiʻo i nā puaʻa grower-finisher me ka ʻole o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka maikaʻi o ka puaʻa sensory. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ʻaʻole like mepotassium diformate ʻAʻohe hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana o Ca/Na-formate i ka ulu ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ke kino make.
Ma kēia haʻawina, ua mālama ʻia he ʻekolu mau hoʻokolohua. Ma ka hoʻokolohua mua, ua hāʻawi ʻia he 72 mau puaʻa (23.1 kg ke kaumaha kino mua a me 104.5 kg ke kaumaha kino) i ʻekolu mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻai (Mana, 0.85% Ca/Na-formate a me 0.85% potassium-diformate). Ua hōʻike nā hopena ua hoʻonui ka ʻai K-diformate i ka awelika o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēlā me kēia lā (ADG) akā ʻaʻohe hopena i ka awelika o ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā (ADFI) a i ʻole ka lakio loaʻa/hānai (G/F). ʻAʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ʻiʻo momona a momona paha o ke kino e ka potassium-diformate a i ʻole Ca/Na-formate.
Ma ka hoʻokolohua ʻelua, ua hoʻohana ʻia he 10 mau puaʻa (BW mua: 24.3 kg, BW hope loa: 85.1 kg) e aʻo i ka hopena o K-diformate ma ka hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka puaʻa. Aia nā puaʻa a pau ma kahi ʻano hānai palena ʻia a hānai ʻia i nā meaʻai like koe wale nō ka hoʻohui ʻana i 0.8% K-diformate i ka hui lapaʻau. Ua hōʻike nā hopena ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana iā K-diformate i nā meaʻai e hoʻonui i ka ADG a me G/F, akā ʻaʻohe ona hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka puaʻa.
Ma ka hoʻokolohua ʻekolu, ua hāʻawi ʻia he 96 mau puaʻa (BW mua: 27.1 kg, BW hope loa: 105kg) i ʻekolu mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻai, nona ka 0, 0.6% a me 1.2% K-diformate, e aʻo i ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana.K-diformatei loko o nā meaʻai e pili ana i ka hana ulu ʻana, nā ʻano kupapaʻu a me ka microflora o ke ala gastrointestinal. Ua hōʻike nā hopena ua hoʻonui ka hoʻohui ʻana o K-diformate ma ka pae 0.6% a me 1.2% i ka hana ulu ʻana, hoʻemi i ka momona a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pakeneka lean carcass. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o K-diformate ua hoʻemi i ka helu o nā coliforms i loko o ke ala gastrointestinal o nā puaʻa, no laila, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana o ka puaʻa.
| hiki 1. Ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka meaʻai o Ca/Na diformate a me K-diformate i ka hana ulu ʻana ma ka Hoʻokolohua 1 | ||||
| Mea | Mana | Ca/Na-formate | K-diformate | |
| Ka wā ulu | ADG, g | 752 | 758 | 797 |
| G/F | .444 | .447 | .461 | |
| Ka wā hoʻopau | ADG, g | 1,118 | 1,099 | 1,130 |
| G/F | .377 | .369 | .373 | |
| Ka wā holoʻokoʻa | ADG, g | 917 | 911 | 942 |
| G/F | .406 | .401 | .410 | |
| Papa 2. Hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka meaʻai o K-diformate i ka hana ulu ʻana ma ka Hoʻokolohua 2 | |||
| Mea | Mana | 0.8% K-diformate | |
| Ka wā ulu | ADG, g | 855 | 957 |
| Loaʻa/Hānai | .436 | .468 | |
| Ka wā holoʻokoʻa | ADG, g | 883 | 987 |
| Loaʻa/Hānai | .419 | .450
| |
| Papa 3. Hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka meaʻai o K-diformate ma ka hana ulu a me nā ʻano kupapaʻu i ka Hoʻokolohua 3 | ||||
| K-diformate | ||||
| Mea | 0% | 0.6% | 1.2% | |
| Ka wā ulu | ADG, g | 748 | 793 | 828. |
| Loaʻa/Hānai | .401 | .412 | .415 | |
| Ka wā hoʻopau | ADG, g | 980 | 986 | 1,014 |
| Loaʻa/Hānai | .327 | .324 | .330 | |
| Ka wā holoʻokoʻa | ADG, g | 863 | 886 | 915 |
| Loaʻa/Hānai | .357 | .360 | .367 | |
| Kaumaha o ke Kupapaʻu, kg | 74.4 | 75.4 | 75.1 | |
| Ka hua liʻiliʻi, % | 54.1 | 54.1 | 54.9 | |
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-09-2021
