ʻO Betaine, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo glycine trimethyl internal salt, he hui kūlohelohe ʻaʻohe ʻawahia a ʻino ʻole hoʻi, he quaternary amine alkaloid. He kristal prismatic keʻokeʻo a lau paha me ke ʻano molekala c5h12no2, ke kaumaha molekala o 118 a me ka helu heheʻe o 293 ℃. He ʻono ʻono a he mea like me nā huaora. Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻa ʻana o ka makū ikaika a maʻalahi ke omo i ka makū a deliquesce i ka mahana o ka lumi. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke ʻano hydrated i ka wai, methanol a me ka ethanol, a hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka ether. He ʻano kemika ikaika ko Betaine, hiki ke kū i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe o 200 ℃ a he kūpaʻa ikaika i ka oxidation. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawinabetainehiki ke pani hapa i ka methionine i ka metabolism holoholona.

ʻO Betainehiki ke hoʻololi piha i ka methionine i ka lako o ka methyl. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻohana ʻia ka methionine ma ke ʻano he substrate e hana i nā protein, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, komo ia i ka metabolism methyl ma ke ʻano he mea hāʻawi methyl.ʻO Betainehiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hana o ka betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase i loko o ke akepaʻa a hoʻolako pū i ka methyl hana, i hiki ai ke methylated ka huahana methionine demethylation homocysteine ​​e hana i ka methionine mai ka wā kahiko, i mea e hoʻolako mau ai i ka methyl no ka metabolism o ke kino me kahi palena palena o ka methionine ma ke ʻano he mea lawe a me ka betaine ma ke ʻano he kumu methyl, A laila, hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o ka methionine e hana i nā protein, hiki ke mālama i ka methionine a hoʻohana i ka mana. I ka hui pū ʻana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou ʻia ka betaine ma hope o ka methylated e hana i ka serine a me ka glycine, a laila hoʻonui i ka nui o nā waikawa amino i loko o ke koko (kamoun, 1986).

Ua hoʻonui ʻo Betaine i nā ʻike o ka methionine, serine a me ka glycine i loko o ke koko. Ua like nā hopena hoʻokolohua o Puchala et al. ma luna o nā hipa. Hiki iā Betaine ke hoʻohui i nā waikawa amino e like me ka arginine, methionine, leucine a me ka glycine i loko o ke koko a me ka nui o nā waikawa amino i loko o ke koko, a laila e hoʻopilikia i ka excretion o auxin;ʻO Betainehiki ke hoʻolaha i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waikawa aspartic i ka waikawa n-methylaspartic (NMA) ma o ka metabolism methyl ikaika, a hiki i ka NMA ke hoʻopilikia i ka haku mele a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka auxin i loko o ka hypothalamus, a laila ka pae o ka auxin i loko o ke kino.