Betaine, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo glycine trimethyl internal paʻakai, he mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole a pōʻino ʻole, quaternary amine alkaloid. He prismatic keʻokeʻo a i ʻole lau e like me ke aniani me ka molecular formula c5h12no2, molecular kaumaha o 118 a me ka helu heheʻe o 293 ℃. He ʻono kona ʻono a he mea like ia me nā huaora. Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻa ʻana o ka makū a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻomoʻi i ka makū a me ka deliquesce ma ka lumi wela. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ka methanol a me ka ethanol, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka ether. Loaʻa i ka Betaine ka hoʻolālā kemika ikaika, hiki ke kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o 200 ℃ a he ikaika ka pale oxidation. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i kēlābetainehiki ke hoʻololi i ka methionine i loko o ka metabolism holoholona.

Betainehiki ke hoʻololi piha i ka methionine i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka methyl. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻohana ʻia ka methionine ma ke ʻano he substrate e hana ai i nā protein, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, komo ia i ka methyl metabolism ma ke ʻano he methyl donor.Betainehiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka betaine homocysteine ​​​​methyltransferase i loko o ke ake a hāʻawi pū i ka methyl ikaika, i hiki ke methylated methionine demethylation huahana homocysteine ​​​​e hana i ka methionine mai ka ʻōpala, i mea e hoʻomau ai i ka methyl no ka metabolism kino me ka palena o ka methionine e like me ka mea lawe a me ka betaine e like me ke kumu methyl, a laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka methionine e hoʻohana ai i ka methionine. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou ʻia ka betaine ma hope o ka methylated e hana i ka serine a me ka glycine, a laila hoʻonui i ka ʻike o nā waikawa amino i ke koko (kamoun, 1986).

Hoʻonui ka Betaine i ka methionine, serine a me ka glycine i loko o ka serum. Puchala et al. Loaʻa i nā hopena hoʻokolohua like i nā hipa. Hiki i ka Betaine ke hoʻohui i nā waikawa amino e like me arginine, methionine, leucine a me ka glycine i ka serum a me ka nui o nā amino acids i loko o ka serum, a laila pili i ka excretion o auxin;Betainehiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waikawa aspartic i ka n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) ma o ka methyl metabolism ikaika, a hiki i ka NMA ke hoʻopili i ka haku mele a me ka excretion o auxin i hypothalamus, a laila ke kiʻekiʻe o ka auxin i ke kino.