ʻO Betaine, e like me ka choline a me ka methionine, pili i ka metabolism o ka hui methyl i loko o ke akepaʻa a hāʻawi i kāna hui methyl labile no ka synthesis o kekahi mau pūhui koʻikoʻi metabolically e like me carnitine, creatine a me nā hormones (E nānā i ke Kiʻi 1)

 

Pili pū ʻo Choline, methionine a me betaine i ka metabolism o ka hui methyl. No laila, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka betaine ke hōʻemi i nā koi no kēia mau mea hāʻawi hui methyl ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻo kekahi o nā hoʻohana kaulana o ka betaine i ka meaʻai holoholona, ​​ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana (ʻāpana o ka) choline chloride a me ka methionine i hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai. Ma muli o nā kumukūʻai mākeke, mālama kēia mau mea hoʻololi i nā kumukūʻai meaʻai, me ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena hana.

Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka betaine e pani i nā methyldonors ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ka betaine ma ke ʻano he waiwai kūʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke loli ka nui o ka betaine i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka meaʻai a hilinaʻi ʻia i nā kumukūʻai o nā hui pili e like me ka choline a me ka methionine. Akā, ʻoi aku ka betaine ma mua o ka meaʻai hāʻawi methyl a ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka betaine i ka meaʻai e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia he ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana.

ʻO Betaine ma ke ʻano he osmoprotectant

Ma waho aʻe o kāna hana ma ke ʻano he methyldonor, hana ʻo betaine ma ke ʻano he osmoregulator. Ke hoʻopili ʻole ʻia ka betaine e ke akepaʻa i ka metabolism hui methyl, loaʻa ia no nā cell e hoʻohana ma ke ʻano he osmolyte organik.

Ma ke ʻano he osmolyte, hoʻonui ka betaine i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai intracellular, akā eia kekahi, e pale aku nō hoʻi i nā ʻano cellular e like me nā protein, nā enzymes a me ka DNA. He mea nui loa kēia waiwai osmoprotective o betaine no nā cell e ʻike nei i ke kaumaha (osmotic). Mahalo i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o kā lākou intracellular betaine concentration, hiki i nā cell stressed ke mālama maikaʻi i kā lākou mau hana cellular e like me ka hana enzyme, ka hana hou ʻana o ka DNA a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā cell. Ma muli o ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana o ka hana cellular, hiki i ka betaine ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana holoholona ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi kikoʻī (stress wela, coccidiosis challenge, salinity wai, a pēlā aku). Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka hoʻohui hou ʻana o ka betaine i ka meaʻai he pono i nā kūlana like ʻole a no nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole.

Nā hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine

ʻO ke kūlana i aʻo nui ʻia e pili ana i nā hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine, ʻo ia ka pilikia wela. Noho ka nui o nā holoholona i nā mahana kaiapuni e ʻoi aku ma mua o ko lākou wahi hōʻoluʻolu wela, e alakaʻi ana i ka pilikia wela.

ʻO ke kaumaha wela kahi kūlana maʻamau kahi e pono ai i nā holoholona ke hoʻoponopono i ko lākou kaulike wai. Ma o kona hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he osmolyte pale, hoʻomaha ka betaine i ke kaumaha wela e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka haʻahaʻa o nā mahana rectal a me ka emi ʻana o ke ʻano hanu ʻana i nā broilers.

ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha wela i nā holoholona e hoʻonui i kā lākou ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana. ʻAʻole wale i nā bipi broiler, akā i nā bipi wahine, nā puaʻa wahine, nā lāpaki, nā bipi waiū a me nā pipi, hōʻike nā hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana i ka wā wela a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, no ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke olakino o ka ʻōpū, hiki i ka betaine ke kōkua. Hoʻomau ʻia nā pūnaewele ʻōpū i ka ʻike hyperosmotic o ka ʻōpū a inā he maʻi diarrhea, e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia osmotic no kēia mau pūnaewele. He mea nui ka Betaine no ka pale osmotic o nā pūnaewele ʻōpū.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike wai a me ka nui o nā cell ma o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka betaine i loko o ka ʻōpū e hopena i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū (nā villi kiʻekiʻe) a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka digestibility (ma muli o ka mālama pono ʻia ʻana o ka enzyme a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻili no ka omo ʻana i nā meaʻai). ʻOi aku ka ʻike ʻia o nā hopena maikaʻi o ka betaine ma ke olakino o ka ʻōpū i nā holoholona paʻakikī: e laʻa me ka moa me ka coccidiosis a me nā puaʻa weaning.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Betaine he mea hoʻololi i ke kino make. He kuleana ko nā hana he nui o ka betaine i ka metabolism protein, ikehu a me ka momona o nā holoholona. I loko o ka moa a me ka puaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hua ʻiʻo umauma a me ka hua ʻiʻo wiwi, ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi nui o nā haʻawina ʻepekema. ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka momona e hopena i ka haʻahaʻa o ka momona o nā kino make, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka maikaʻi o ke kino make.

ʻO Betaine ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui hana

ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi a pau i hōʻike ʻia o ka betaine e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai nui o kēia meaʻai. No laila, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka betaine i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he waiwai e pani ai i nā methyldonors ʻē aʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hānai, akā he mea hoʻohui hana hoʻi e kākoʻo i ke olakino a me ka hana o nā holoholona.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau noi ʻelua ʻo ia ka nui o ka lāʻau. Ma ke ʻano he methyldonor, e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka betaine i ka meaʻai ma nā nui o 500ppm a i ʻole haʻahaʻa. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā nui o 1000-a-2000ppm betaine. ʻO kēia mau nui kiʻekiʻe e hopena i ka betaine i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia, e kaʻapuni ana i loko o ke kino o nā holoholona, ​​​​i loaʻa no ka lawe ʻana e nā cell e pale iā lākou mai ke kaumaha (osmotic) a no laila ke kākoʻo nei i ke olakino a me ka hana o nā holoholona.

Hopena

He ʻokoʻa nā noi o Betaine no nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole. I ka hānai holoholona, ​​hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka betaine ma ke ʻano he waiwai no ka mālama kālā ʻana i nā meaʻai, akā hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka meaʻai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino holoholona a e hoʻonui i ka hana. ʻOi loa aku i kēia mau lā, kahi a mākou e hoʻāʻo nei e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotics, he mea nui loa ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke olakino o nā holoholona. He kūpono maoli ʻo Betaine i kahi ma ka papa inoa o nā hui bioactive ʻē aʻe e kākoʻo i ke olakino holoholona.