ʻO nā surfactants bipolar nā surfactants i loaʻa nā hui hydrophilic anionic a me cationic.

Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo nā surfactants amphoteric he mau hui i loaʻa i ʻelua mau hui hydrophilic i loko o ka molekala hoʻokahi, me nā hui hydrophilic anionic, cationic, a me nonionic. ʻO nā surfactants amphoteric i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he mau hui hydrophilic me nā paʻakai ammonium a i ʻole quaternary ammonium i loko o ka ʻāpana cationic a me nā ʻano carboxylate, sulfonate, a me phosphate i loko o ka ʻāpana anionic. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā surfactants amphoteric waikawa amino me nā hui amino a me nā ʻāpana i loko o ka molekala hoʻokahi he mau surfactants betaine amphoteric i hana ʻia mai nā paʻakai kūloko e loaʻa ana nā hui ammonium quaternary a me carboxyl, me nā ʻano like ʻole.

ʻOkoʻa ka hōʻike ʻana o nā surfactants amphiphilic me ka waiwai pH o kā lākou hopena.

Ke hōʻike nei i nā waiwai o nā surfactants cationic i nā media acidic; Ke hōʻike nei i nā waiwai o nā surfactants anionic i nā media alkaline; Ke hōʻike nei i nā waiwai o nā surfactants non-ionic i nā media neutral. ʻO ke kiko kahi i kaulike pono ai nā waiwai cationic a me anionic ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka isoelectric point.

Ma ke kiko isoelectric, hoʻopūʻiwa ʻia kekahi manawa nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano amino acid, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻopūʻiwa ʻia ʻana o nā surfactants ʻano betaine ma ke kiko isoelectric.

ʻAno BetaineUa hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia nā surfactants e like me nā hui paʻakai ammonium quaternary, akā ʻaʻole e like me nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary, ʻaʻohe o lākou anions.
Mālama ʻo Betaine i kona mau waiwai molekala maikaʻi a me nā waiwai cationic i nā media acidic a me alkaline. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia ʻano surfactant ke loaʻa nā uku maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha. Ma muli o ka waiwai pH o ka hopena wai o kēia ʻano hui, he mea kūpono ke hoʻokaʻawale hewa iā ia he surfactant amphoteric.

Wahi a kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hui ʻano betaine ma ke ʻano he surfactants cationic. ʻOiai kēia mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa, hoʻomau ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana hui betaine i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mau hui amphoteric. Ma ka laulā o ka heteroelectricity, aia kahi ʻano biphasic i ka hana ʻili: R-N+(CH3) 2-CH2-COO -.

ʻO ka laʻana maʻamau o nā surfactants ʻano betaine ʻo ia ka alkylbetaine, a ʻo kāna huahana ʻelele ʻo N-dodecyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-carboxyl betaine [BS-12, Cl2H25-N+(CH3) 2-CH2COO -]. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o Betaine me nā hui amide [ua pani ʻia ʻo Cla2H25 i loko o ke ʻano e R-CONH - (CH2) 3-].

ʻAʻole pili ka paʻakikī o ka wai i kabetainesurfactant. Hoʻopuka ia i ka huʻa maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka wai palupalu a me ka paʻakikī. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana me nā hui anionic ma nā waiwai pH haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā surfactants anionic a me cationic. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka betaine me nā surfactants anionic, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka viscosity kūpono.