Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pae moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka moʻomeheu, ua lilo ka maʻi o Apostichopus japonicus i mea nui loa, kahi i lawe mai ai i nā pohō nui i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai. ʻO nā maʻi o Apostichopus japonicus ke kumu nui ʻia e nā bacteria, nā virus a me nā ciliates, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi pala ʻili i hoʻokumu ʻia e Vibrio brilliant ka mea koʻikoʻi loa. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻo ka paia o ke kino o Apostichopus japonicus ulcers, e hana ana i nā kiko polū a me keʻokeʻo, a ma hope iho e hoʻoheheʻe iā ia iho a make, e hoʻoheheʻe ana i loko o ka mucus ihu e like me ke colloid. I ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi kuʻuna, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā antibiotics. Akā ʻo ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana o nā antibiotics ʻaʻole wale ka pōʻino huna o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka bacteria a me nā koena lāʻau, akā lawe mai hoʻi i ka palekana o ka meaʻai a me ka haumia o ke kaiapuni. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hoʻomākaukau palekana ʻole, ʻaʻohe koena, e hōʻemi i ka maʻi o ka kukumba kai kekahi o nā wahi wela o ka noiʻi o kēia manawa.

He pauka keʻokeʻo crystalline wehe ʻia ka Potassium diformate, maloʻo a ʻono ʻole. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻohui hānai ʻaʻohe antibiotic mua i ʻae ʻia e ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa e pani i nā antibiotics. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona i mahi ʻia, kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā bacteria ʻino, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaiapuni ʻōpū, hiki i ka Potassium diformate ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hua o nā meaola wai.

1 Nā hopena hoʻāʻo

1.1 Nā hopena o ka potassium diformate i ka ulu ʻana a me ke ola ʻana o ka kukama kai ʻo Apostichopus japonicus

Ua piʻi nui ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o Apostichopus japonicus me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka potassium diformate i loko o ka meaʻai. I ka hiki ʻana o ka nui o ka potassium diformate i loko o ka meaʻai i 0.8%, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā he 1.0% a me 1.2% ka nui o ka potassium diformate i loko o ka meaʻai, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o Apostichopus japonicus ma mua o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi (P > 0.05) (papa 2-2). ʻO ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka kukama kai he 100% i nā hui āpau.

1.2 Nā hopena o ka potassium diformate i ka meaʻai ma nā ʻōkuhi pale o ka kukama kai ʻo Apostichopus japonicus

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui kaohi, hiki i nā pae like ʻole o ka potassium dicarboxylate ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke phagocytic o nā coelomocytes a me ka hana ʻana o O2 - ma nā kekelē like ʻole (papa 2-3). I ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka potassium diformate ma 1.0% a me 1.2%, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana phagocytic o nā coelomocytes a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano oxygen reactive O2 - i loko o ka kukama kai ma mua o nā mea i loko o ka hui kaohi, akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā hui potassium diformate 1% a me 1.2%, a i ʻole ma waena o nā pae ʻē aʻe o ka potassium diformate a me ka hui kaohi. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o ka potassium dicarboxylate i ka meaʻai, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka SOD a me ka NOS o ka kukama kai.

1.3 Ka hopena o ka potassium diformate i ka meaʻai ma ke kū'ē ʻana o ka kukama kai i ka maʻi Vibrio brilliant

1.4 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻokūkū, ʻo ka make ʻana o ka kukumba kai i ka hui kaohi he 46.67%, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% a me 1.2% mau hui potassium diformate (26.67%, 26.67%, 30%, 30% a me 23.33%), akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi me ka hui mālama ʻia 0.2% (38.33%). ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi o ka make ʻana o ka kukumba kai i nā hui 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% a me 1.2% potassium diformate.

2. Kūkākūkā

2.1 Ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate i ka ulu ʻana o ka kukama kai ʻo Apostichopus japonicus

I loko o nā holoholona, ​​ʻo ke ʻano hana o ka potassium dicarboxylate ke komo nui ʻana i loko o ke ala gastrointestinal, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaiapuni gastrointestinal, hoʻoponopono i ka pH, a pepehi i nā bacteria ʻino (Ramli lāua ʻo sunanto, 2005). Eia kekahi, hiki i ka potassium diformate ke hoʻolaha i ka omo ʻana o nā meaola i ka meaʻai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka digestibility a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā holoholona i mahi ʻia. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona wai, ua hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua e hiki i ka potassium diformate ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ulu ʻana a me ke ola ʻana o ka ʻōpae (he Suxu, Zhou Zhigang, et al., 2006). Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka kukama kai (Apostichopus japonicus) ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka potassium dicarboxylate i ka meaʻai, kahi i kūlike me nā hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka potassium dicarboxylate i nā puaʻa puaʻa a me nā puaʻa hoʻopau i hōʻike ʻia e verland. M (2000).

2.2 Ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate ma ka palekana o ka kukama kai ʻo Apostichopus japonicus

Loaʻa iā Apostichopus japonicus ke ʻano pale like me nā echinoderms ʻē aʻe, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia e ka pane pale cellular a me non cellular (humoral). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e ʻike a hoʻopau i nā kino haole e komo ana i ke kino holoholona, ​​​​a i ʻole e hoʻolilo i nā kino haole i mau mea ʻino ʻole, a hoʻoponopono i nā ʻeha. Hoʻopau ʻia ka pane pale cellular o echinoderms e nā ʻano coelomocytes like ʻole, e hana ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale o echinoderms. ʻO nā hana nui o kēia mau cell e pili ana i ka phagocytosis, ka hopena cytotoxin, a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea antibacterial ma ka pae coagulation (kudriavtsev, 2000). I ke kaʻina hana o ka phagocytosis, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā coelomocytes e ka bacteria a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea paia cell bacteria e hana i nā ʻano oxygen reactive (ROS), me ka no, H2O2, oh a me O2 -. Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 1.0% a me 1.2% potassium dicarboxylate i ka meaʻai i hoʻonui nui i ka hana phagocytic o nā coelomocytes a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano oxygen reactive. Eia nō naʻe, pono e aʻo hou ʻia ke ʻano o ka potassium diformate e hoʻonui ai i ka hana phagocytic a me ka hana ʻana o O2 -.

2.3 Ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate ma luna o ka flora ʻōpū o ke kukama kai ʻo Apostichopus japonicus

Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Potassium dicarboxylate i loko o ka waikawa formic a hoʻokumu i loko o kahi ʻano alkaline nāwaliwali a komo i loko o nā cell microbial ma o ka membrane cell. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano ola o nā microorganism ʻino e like me Escherichia coli lāua ʻo Salmonella ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka waiwai pH i loko o nā cell a me ka pale ʻana i kā lākou hana hou ʻana, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ke kaulike microecological intestinal (eidelsburger, 1998). ʻO ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate ma ka microflora intestinal, macroscopically, ʻo ka H + i hana ʻia e ka decomposition o ka potassium dicarboxylate e hōʻemi ana i ka waiwai pH i loko o ka ʻōpū a kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka microflora intestinal. Microscopically, komo ʻo H + i loko o nā cell bacteria ma o ka membrane cell, luku pololei i ka hana o nā enzymes intracellular, hoʻopilikia i ka metabolism o ka protein microbial a me ka nucleic acid, a pāʻani i kahi kuleana i ka sterilization (Roth, 1998). Ua hōʻike nā hopena he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka potassium diformate i ka bacteria intestinal holoʻokoʻa o ka kukumba kai, akā hiki iā ia ke kāohi nui i ka helu o Vibrio.

2.4 Ka hopena o ka potassium dicarboxylate i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi o ka kukama kai ʻo Apostichopus japonicus

ʻO Vibrio splendens ka bacteria pathogenic o ka skin rot syndrome o ke kūkama kai, kahi mea ʻino i ka hana ʻana a me ka mahi ʻana i ke kūkama kai. Ua hōʻoia kēia hoʻokolohua ua hōʻemi ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka potassium dicarboxylate i ka meaʻai i ka make ʻana o ke kūkama kai i loaʻa i ka Vibrio brilliant. Pili paha kēia i ka hopena pale o ka potassium diformate ma Vibrio.

3 Hopena

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he hopena koʻikoʻi ka potassium diformate i ka ulu ʻana o Apostichopus japonicus, he hopena maikaʻi hoʻi i ka pale ʻole kikoʻī o Apostichopus japonicus, a hoʻonui i ka pale ʻole humoral a me ke kelepona o Apostichopus japonicus. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka potassium dicarboxylate i ka meaʻai ua hōʻemi nui i ka nui o nā bacteria ʻino i loko o nā ʻōpū o ke kukama kai, a hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa maʻi o ke kukama kai i loaʻa i ka Vibrio brilliant. I ka hopena, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka potassium dicarboxylate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻai kukama kai, a ʻo ka nui kūpono o ka potassium dicarboxylate he 1.0%.