ʻO Betainehe ʻano mea hoʻohui meaʻai ʻole. He mea hana i hana ʻia a i ʻole i unuhi ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻāpana kemika i loko o nā holoholona punahele a me nā mea kanu o nā holoholona wai. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻowalewale meaʻai me ʻelua ʻano hui. Loaʻa i kēia mau hui kahi hopena synergistic i ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona wai. Ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke ʻala, ka ʻono a me ka ʻike o nā holoholona wai, hiki iā lākou ke ʻākoakoa a puni ka meaʻai, hoʻolalelale i ka hānai ʻana, a hoʻonui i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai.

Ua hoʻopōkole ʻia ka manawa hānai o Macrobrachium rosenbergii e 1/3 ~ 1/2 a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hānai ʻana ma ka hoʻohui ʻanabetainei ka hānai ʻōpae. ʻO ka ʻai i loaʻabetaineLoaʻa ka hopena ʻike ʻia o ka ʻai ʻana ma luna o ke kāpa a me ke kāpa lepo, akā ʻaʻohe hopena ʻike ʻia o ka ʻai ʻana ma luna o ke kāpa mauʻu. Hiki iā Betaine ke hoʻonui i ka ʻike ʻono o nā waikawa amino ʻē aʻe i ka iʻa a hoʻonui i ka ʻai ʻana o nā waikawa amino. Loaʻa i ka maunu Betaine nā hana o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka makemake, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūpaʻa maʻi a me ka palekana. Kūʻē ka ʻōpae maʻi i ka maunu lāʻau lapaʻau a uku no ka emi ʻana o ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa a me ka ʻōpae ma lalo o ke kaumaha.

He meaʻai koʻikoʻi ka Choline i nā holoholona. Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i ka methyl no ke kino i loko o ke kino, no laila ke komo nei i nā hopena metabolic. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi hiki i ka betaine ke hāʻawi pū i ka methyl no ke kino. ʻO ka pono o ka betaine i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka methyl he 2.3 mau manawa o ka choline chloride, a he mea hāʻawi methyl ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. I ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka betaine e pani i ka choline chloride i ka meaʻai, ua piʻi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o Macrobrachium rosenbergii ma 27.63% a ua emi ka coefficient hānai ma 8% ma hope o 150 mau lā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui kaohi.ʻO BetaineHiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana oxidation o nā waikawa momona i loko o ka mitochondria cell, hoʻonui nui i ka ʻike o ka acyl carnitine kaulahao lōʻihi a me ka ratio o ka acyl carnitine kaulahao lōʻihi i ka carnitine manuahi i loko o nā ʻiʻo a me ke ake, paipai i ka decomposition momona, hōʻemi i ka waiho ʻana o ka momona i loko o ke ake a me ke kino, paipai i ka synthesis protein, hāʻawi hou i ka momona o ke kino make, a hoʻemi i ka nui o ka hanana o ke ake momona.