Ua hoʻopilikia mau ʻia ka ʻoihana hānai holoholona e ka "maʻi ahulau pālua" o ke kuni puaʻa ʻApelika a me COVID-19, a ke kū nei hoʻi i ka pilikia "pālua" o nā pōʻai he nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka pāpā piha. ʻOiai ua piha ke alanui i nā pilikia, ke hoʻolaha ikaika nei ka ʻoihana mahi holoholona i kāna hoʻololi ponoʻī a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha pū ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana. Kūkākūkā nui kēia pepa pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o nā enzyme digestive i loko o ka ʻōpū manu, hoʻolaha i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpū a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o nā flora ʻōpū.

He ʻōkana koʻikoʻi ke ala ʻōpū no ka manu e hoʻoheheʻe a omo i nā meaʻai. Hoʻokō nui ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana o ka ʻōpū ma o nā hopena enzymatic (exopeptidase, oligosaccharide enzyme, lipase, a pēlā aku); ʻO nā meaʻai molekala liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e ka hopena enzymatic e hele ana ma o ka papa epithelial ʻōpū a omo ʻia e nā pūnaewele ʻōpū.

ʻO ka ʻōpū kekahi pale kūlohelohe e pale ai i nā moa mai nā antigens meaʻai, nā microorganism pathogenic a me kā lākou metabolites ʻino, a mālama i ke kūpaʻa o ke kaiapuni kūloko. ʻO ka pale ʻōpū he pale mechanical, pale kemika, pale microbial a me ka pale immune e pale pū i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā mea antigenic haole. ʻO ka pale mechanical (pale kino) e pili ana i nā cell epithelial ʻōpū piha e pili pono ana kekahi i kekahi; Hana ʻia ka pale kemika me ka mucus, ka wai digestive i huna ʻia e nā cell epithelial mucosal ʻōpū a me nā mea antibacterial i hana ʻia e nā bacteria parasitic ʻōpū, hiki ke kāohi a pepehi paha i nā microorganism pathogenic; Hana ʻia ka pale biological i ke kūpaʻa colonization o nā flora noho ʻōpū i nā bacteria pathogenic a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma waena o nā bacteria; ʻO ka pale immune ka ʻōpū lymphoid nui loa a me ka mucosa koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka ʻiʻo lymphoid. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke ala ʻōpū, a ʻo ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke olakino ʻōpū ke kī i ka hoʻoulu olakino me ka ʻole o ke kūʻē.

Loaʻa i ka waikawa nā hopena o ka acidification a me ka bacteriostasis, a he kuleana koʻikoʻi kāna i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā moa olakino. ʻO nā waikawa organik maʻamau e komo pū me nā waikawa carboxylic maʻalahi (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid a me ka butyric acid), nā waikawa carboxylic i loaʻa nā hui hydroxyl (lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid a me ka citric acid), nā waikawa carboxylic kaulahao pōkole i loaʻa nā pilina pālua (fumaric acid a me sorbic acid) a me nā waikawa inorganic (phosphoric acid) (sh Khan lāua ʻo j Iqbal, 2016). He ʻokoʻa ka hiki ke acidification a me ka bacteriostatic o nā waikawa like ʻole, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka waikawa formic ka hiki ke bacteriostatic ikaika loa; Ma waena o nā waikawa no ke kaupaona ʻana o ka anakahi, ʻo ka waikawa formic ka ikaika loa o ka lako hydrogen; Loaʻa i ka waikawa propionic a me ka waikawa formic ka hopena anti mildew ikaika. No laila, i ke koho ʻana i ka waikawa, pono e hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka ʻepekema e like me nā waiwai o ka waikawa. Ua hōʻike ʻia he nui nā haʻawina e hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau waikawa i ka meaʻai ke hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻolaha i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpū, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā enzymes digestive ʻōpū, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o nā flora ʻōpū, a kōkua i ka hoʻoulu olakino me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai anti Kepani.

I ka hopena, he waiwai nui ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka waikawa i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke olakino ʻōpū o ka manu. I ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i ka waikawa, pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka haku mele ʻana, ka nui, ka nui a me ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka waikawa e hōʻoia i ka palekana, ke kūpaʻa a me ka waiwai o nā huahana.