ʻO Betaine kahi pūhui kūlohelohe i hoʻolaha nui ʻia i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai, hāʻawi ʻia ia ma ke ʻano anhydrous a i ʻole hydrochloride. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka hānai holoholona no nā kumu like ʻole.
ʻO ka mea mua, pili paha kēia mau kumu i ka mana methyl donor o betaine, ka mea nui i loko o ke akepaʻa.
ʻO ka lua, ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka betaine i loko o ka meaʻai e pili paha i kāna hana ma ke ʻano he penetrant organik pale. Ma kēia hana, kōkua ka betaine i nā cell i ke kino holoʻokoʻa e mālama i ke koena wai a me ka hana cell, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā o ke kaumaha.
I loko o nā puaʻa, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi like ʻole o ka betaine supplementation.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi betaine i ka hopena o ka digestibility o nā meaʻai i ka ileum a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o ka digestive tract o nā puaʻa. ʻo kēia fiber microbial.
No laila, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mea maloʻo a me ka digestibility o ka lehu. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ether extract (+ 6,7%).
ʻO kahi kumu i ʻike ʻia ai ka piʻi ʻana o ka digestibility meaʻai, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka betaine i ka hana ʻana i ka enzyme. Ma kahi noiʻi in vivo hou e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o betaine i nā puaʻa weaned, ua loiloi ʻia ka hana o nā enzyme digestive (amylase, maltase, lipase, trypsin a me chymotrypsin) i loko o ka chyme (Figure 1). ʻO ka 2,500 mg betaine / kg hānai ma mua o 1,250 mg / kg. ʻO ka piʻiʻana o ka hana ma muli paha o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hana enzyme, aiʻole ka hopena o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka pono catalytic o ka enzyme.
Kiʻi 1-Ka hana enzyme digestive o ka ʻōpū o nā puaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia me 0 mg/kg, 1,250 mg/kg a i ʻole 2,500 mg/kg betaine.
ʻO nā hoʻokolohua in vitro, ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka NaCl e hana i ke kaomi osmotic kiʻekiʻe, ua kāohi ʻia nā hana trypsin a me amylase.
ʻAʻole wale ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka digestibility hiki ke wehewehe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana a me ka helu hoʻololi ʻana o nā puaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia me ka betaine meaʻai. ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lako ikehu no ka ulu ʻana ma mua o ka mālama ʻana.
Pono nā epithelial cell e hoʻopaʻa i ka paia o ka ʻōpū e hoʻokō i nā kūlana osmotic nui loa i hana ʻia e ka luminal contents i ka wā o ka hoʻoemi ʻana i ka meaʻai. He kiʻekiʻe loa nā ʻiʻo ʻōpū. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia e pili ana kēia mau pae i ka ʻai ʻana i ka betaine concentration.Well-balanced cell e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka proliferation a me ka hiki ke hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi.
Ma kekahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka villi ma ka duodenum, jejunum, a me ka ileum, akā ʻaʻohe hopena i ka hohonu o nā crypts.
ʻO ka paʻa o ka ʻōpū he mea nui ia i nā epithelial cell, i hoʻopili ʻia kekahi i kekahi e nā protein junction paʻa.
I mea e ana i ka hopena i ka hopena pale, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻokolohua in vitro o nā laina kelepona no ke ana ʻana i ke kūpaʻa uila transepithelial (TEER). kūʻē.
Kiʻi 2-Nā hopena in vitro o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka betaine ma ke kūpaʻa transepithelial cell (TEER).
Eia kekahi, ma kahi noiʻi in vivo i nā puaʻa, ua ana ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā protein junction paʻa (occludin, claudin1, a me zonula occludens-1) i loko o ka ʻiʻo jejunum o nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka 1,250 mg / kg betaine i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu mana. ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pale ʻōpū. I ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka betaine i ka ʻai o nā puaʻa e hoʻopau ana i ka ulu ʻana, ua ana ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika tensile o ka ʻōpū i ka manawa o ka pepehi ʻana.
I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻopili kekahi mau haʻawina i ka betaine i ka ʻōnaehana antioxidant a wehewehe i nā radical manuahi hoʻemi ʻia, hoʻemi ʻia nā pae malondialdehyde (MDA), a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Betaine e hana ma ke ʻano he osmoprotectant i nā holoholona. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka nui o nā maʻi bacteria ke hōʻiliʻili i ka betaine ma o de novo synthesis a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana mai ke kaiapuni. Aia nā hōʻailona e hiki ai i ka betaine ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ka helu o nā bacteria i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā puaʻa weaned.
ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hopena o ka betaine i ke olakino ʻōpū o nā puaʻa weaned ʻo ia ka emi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. Hoʻohui ʻia ka mg / kg o ka betaine, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa a me ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi i nā puaʻa weaned.
He haʻahaʻa ka pKa waiwai o Betaine ma kahi o 1.8, e alakaʻi ana i ka dissociation o ka betaine HCl ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka acidification o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka meaʻai hoihoi, ʻo ia ka acidification o ka betaine hydrochloride ma ke ʻano he kumu betaine. I ka lāʻau kanaka, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻohui betaine HCl me ka pepsin e kākoʻo i nā poʻe me nā pilikia o ka ʻōpū a me nā pilikia digestive.
Ua ʻike ʻia he kiʻekiʻe paha ka pH o ka wai ʻōpū o nā puaʻa weaned (pH>4), e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻāla ʻana o ka pepsin precursor i kāna precursor pepsinogen. waiwai ma kahi o 1.8, e alakaʻi ana i ka dissociation o ka betaine HCl ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka acidification gastric.
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia reacidification no ka wā pōkole i kahi noiʻi mua i nā kānaka a me nā noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻīlio. betaine HCl supplementation.
Loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi o Betaine i ke olakino ʻōpū o nā puaʻa weaned. Hōʻike kēia loiloi palapala i nā manawa like ʻole no ka betaine e kākoʻo ai i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka absorption meaʻai, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pale pale kino, hoʻoikaika i ka microbiota, a hoʻonui i ka hiki ke pale i nā puaʻa.