Ke hoʻāʻo mau ʻia nei nā ʻano hana meaʻai like ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo o nā broilers. Loaʻa iā Betaine nā waiwai kūikawā e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo no ka mea he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaulike osmotic, ka metabolism nutrient a me ka hiki ke antioxidant o nā broilers. Akā ma ke ʻano hea e hāʻawi ʻia ai e hoʻohana i kāna mau pono āpau?

Ma kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma Poultry Science, ua hoʻāʻo nā kānaka noiʻi e pane i ka nīnau ma luna ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hana ulu ʻana o ka broiler a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo me nā ʻano ʻelua obetaine: betaine anhydrous a me ka hydrochloride betaine.

Loaʻa nui ʻia ʻo Betaine ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui hānai ma ke ʻano i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me nā kemika. ʻO nā ʻano kaulana loa o ka betaine papa hānai he betaine anhydrous a me ka hydrochloride betaine. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo moa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano mahiʻai ikaika i ka hana broiler e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huahana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia hana ikaika ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā broilers, e like me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka nohona a me ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo.

ʻO kahi koho antibiotic kūpono i ka manu

ʻO ke kū'ē'ē e pili ana, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana ola ke manaʻo nei nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻono maikaʻi a me nā huahana ʻiʻo maikaʻi. No laila, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā ʻano hana meaʻai like ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo o nā broilers kahi i loaʻa ai ka betaine i ka nānā nui ʻia ma muli o kāna mau hana meaʻai a me ke kino.

ʻAʻohe wai vs. hydrochloride

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka betaine he mau beets kō a me kā lākou huahana ʻaoʻao, e like me ka molasses. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa pū ka betaine ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui hānai me nā ʻano kaulana loa o ka papa hānai.betaineʻo ia ka betaine anhydrous a me ka hydrochloride betaine.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo betaine, ma ke ʻano he mea hāʻawi methyl, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaulike osmotic, ka metabolism nutrient a me ka hiki ke antioxidant o nā broilers. Ma muli o nā ʻano molekala like ʻole, hōʻike ka betaine anhydrous i ka solubility nui aʻe i ka wai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hydrochloride betaine, no laila e hoʻonui ai i kona hiki ke osmotic. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻoulu ka hydrochloride betaine i ka emi ʻana o ka pH i loko o ka ʻōpū, no laila e hoʻopilikia paha i ka lawe ʻana o nā meaʻai ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa mai ka betaine anhydrous.

Nā papaʻai

Ua hoʻomaka kēia haʻawina e noiʻi i ka hopena o 2 mau ʻano betaine (anhydrous betaine a me hydrochloride betaine) ma ka hana ulu ʻana, ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo a me ka hiki ke antioxidant o nā broilers. Ua māhele ʻia he 400 mau moa broiler kāne hou i 5 mau pūʻulu a hānai ʻia i 5 mau meaʻai i ka wā o kahi hoʻāʻo hānai 52 lā.

Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kumu betaine ʻelua i equimolar. Penei nā ʻano meaʻai.
Mana: Ua hānai ʻia nā moa broiler i ka hui mana i ka papaʻai basal palaoa-soybean
ʻAi betaine anhydrous: ʻAi basal i hoʻohui ʻia me 2 mau pae hoʻohuihui o 500 a me 1,000 mg/kg betaine anhydrous
ʻAi Hydrochloride betaine: ʻAi basal i hoʻohui ʻia me 2 mau pae hoʻohuihui o 642.23 a me 1284.46 mg/kg hydrochloride betaine.

Ka hana ulu a me ka hua ʻai

Ma kēia haʻawina, ʻo ka meaʻai i hoʻohui ʻia me ka betaine anhydrous kiʻekiʻe i hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha, ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻemi i ka FCR a hoʻonui i ka hua o nā ʻiʻo umauma a me ka ʻūhā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hui kaohi a me nā hui hydrochloride betaine. Ua pili pū ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ulu me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka waiho ʻana o ka protein i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā ʻiʻo umauma: Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka betaine anhydrous kiʻekiʻe (ma ka 4.7%) ka nui o ka protein maka i loko o nā ʻiʻo umauma ʻoiai ʻo ka hydrochloride betaine kiʻekiʻe i hoʻonui i ka nui o ka protein maka o nā ʻiʻo umauma (ma ka 3.9%).

Ua manaʻo ʻia he hopena paha kēia no ka mea hiki i ka betaine ke komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana methionine e mālama i ka methionine ma o ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea hāʻawi methyl, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka methionine hou aʻe no ka hana ʻana o ka protein muscle. Ua hāʻawi pū ʻia ka manaʻo like i ke kuleana o ka betaine i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka gene myogenic a me ke ala hōʻailona insulin-like growth factor-1 e makemake ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka waiho ʻana o ka protein muscle.

Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia he ʻono ʻono ka betaine anhydrous, ʻoiai ʻo ka hydrochloride betaine he ʻawaʻawa, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka palatability o ka hānai a me ka lawe ʻana o ka meaʻai o nā broilers. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻai ʻana a me ka omo ʻana o nā meaʻai e pili ana i kahi epithelium gut i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, no laila hiki i ka mana osmotic o betaine ke hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ka digestibility. Hōʻike ka betaine anhydrous i ka mana osmotic maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o ka hydrochloride betaine ma muli o kona solubility kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka digestibility o nā broilers i hānai ʻia me ka anhydrous betaine ma mua o ka poʻe i hānai ʻia me ka hydrochloride betaine.

ʻO ka glycolysis anaerobic ʻiʻo ma hope o ka make ʻana a me ka hiki ke antioxidant ʻelua mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo. Ma hope o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, hoʻololi ka pau ʻana o ka lako oxygen i ka metabolism o ka ʻiʻo. A laila hana ʻia ka glycolysis anaerobic a hoʻoulu i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka waikawa lactic.

Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hōʻemi nui ka ʻai i hoʻohui ʻia me ka betaine anhydrous kiʻekiʻe i ka nui o ka lactate i loko o nā ʻiʻo umauma. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka waikawa lactic ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka pH o nā ʻiʻo ma hope o ka pepehi ʻana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pH o nā ʻiʻo umauma me ka hoʻohui betaine kiʻekiʻe i loko o kēia haʻawina i hōʻike ʻia e hiki i ka betaine ke hoʻopilikia i ka glycolysis ʻiʻo ma hope o ka make ʻana e hōʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka lactate a me ka denaturation protein, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka nalowale o ka drip.

ʻO ka oxidation o ka ʻiʻo, ʻoiai ka lipid peroxidation, he kumu nui ia no ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo e hōʻemi ana i ka waiwai o ka meaʻai aʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu o nā pilikia o ke ʻano. Ma kēia noiʻi, ua hōʻemi nui ka ʻai i hoʻohui ʻia me ka betaine kiʻekiʻe i ka nui o ka MDA i loko o nā ʻiʻo umauma a me ka ʻūhā, e hōʻike ana e hiki i ka betaine ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka pōʻino oxidative.

Ua ʻoi aku ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka mRNA o nā genes antioxidant (Nrf2 a me HO-1) i ka hui betaine anhydrous ma mua o ka ʻai hydrochloride betaine, e like me ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i ka hiki ke antioxidant muscle.

Ka nui i ʻōlelo ʻia

Mai kēia noiʻi, ua hoʻoholo nā mea noiʻi he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena o ka betaine anhydrous ma mua o ka hydrochloride betaine i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana ulu a me ka hua o nā ʻiʻo umauma i nā moa broiler. Hiki i ka betaine anhydrous (1,000 mg/kg) a i ʻole ka hoʻopihapiha equimolar hydrochloride betaine ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo o nā broilers ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike lactate e hoʻonui i ka pH hope loa o ka ʻiʻo, e hoʻohuli ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka wai ʻiʻo e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka drip, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki ke antioxidant o ka ʻiʻo. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hana ulu a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he 1,000 mg/kg anhydrous betaine no nā broilers.