Ka hoʻokuʻi ʻanahe loulou pono ia no ka ulu ʻana o nā crustaceans. Pono ʻo Penaeus vannamei e molt i nā manawa he nui i kona ola e hoʻokō ai i ke kūlana o ka ulu ʻana o ke kino.

Ⅰ、 Molting ruls of Penaeus vannamei

Pono ke kino o Penaeus vannamei e molt i kēlā me kēia manawa i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana. Ke 28 ℃ ka mahana o ka wai, molt nā ʻōpae ʻōpio i hoʻokahi manawa i loko o 30 ~ 40 mau hola; ʻO nā ʻōpae ʻōpio e kaupaona ana he 1 ~ 5g molt i hoʻokahi manawa i loko o 4 ~ 6 mau lā; ʻO nā ʻōpae ma luna o 15g e molt pinepine i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 pule.

Ⅱ、 Ka nānā ʻana i kekahi mau hōʻailona a me nā kumu o ka molting

1. He nui nā hōʻailona o ka wā molting

He paʻakikī loa ka pūpū o ka ʻōpae, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "ʻōpae ʻili hao". He ʻōpū hakahaka kona a he ʻōpū koena paha. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻike maopopo i ke ala o ka ʻōpū, ua hohonu ka pigment ma ka ʻili o ke kino, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka pigment melemele. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka operculum he ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele, ua pehu nā filament gill, keʻokeʻo, melemele a me ka ʻeleʻele, a ua uhi ʻia nā ʻanuʻu a me nā wāwae me nā kiko ʻulaʻula. Ua maopopo ke ʻano o ka hepatopancreas, ʻaʻole pehu a atrophic paha, a ʻaʻole maopopo ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai a he melemele lepo.

2. He nui nā ciliates o ka ʻōpae

He ʻili pālua ka pūpū o ka ʻōpae, hiki ke wehe ʻia ma ka wili mālie ʻana i ka ʻili. He palupalu loa ka ʻili, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "double skin shrimp" a i ʻole "Crispy Shrimp". He lahilahi ia, me ka nui o ka melanin ma ka ʻili o ke kino, ka pehu ʻana a me ka ʻeha ʻana o nā filaments gill, ʻo ka hapa nui he melemele a me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū hakahaka, nāwaliwali ka ikaika. E moe mālie ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka loko wai a i ʻole e holoholo ana ma luna o ka wai, e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona o ka hypoxia. Pilikia i nā loli o ke kaiapuni, me nā loli iki a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka make.

3. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana molting maʻalahi i nā pae ʻekolu:

1) Ma mua o ka molting, pili ia i ka manawa mai ka hopena o ka molting hope loa a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka molting aʻe. ʻOkoʻa ka manawa e like me ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ma waena o 12 a me 15 mau lā. I loko o kēia wā, ua hōʻiliʻili nui ʻo Penaeus vannamei i ka meaʻai, ʻoiai ka calcium.

2) Ka molting, he mau kekona wale nō a ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumi mau minuke. Hoʻopau ka molting i ka nui o ka ikehu. Inā nāwaliwali ka ʻōpae a nele paha i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka meaʻai i loko o ke kino, pinepine lākou e molting piha ʻole a hana i kahi pūpū pālua.

3) Ma hope o ka molting, pili ia i ka wā e loli ai ka ʻili hou mai ka palupalu a i ka paʻakikī, a ʻo ka manawa ma kahi o 2 ~ 1.5 mau lā (koe wale nō nā ʻōpae liʻiliʻi). Ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka pūpū kahiko, ʻaʻole hiki i ka pūpū hou ke calcify i ka manawa, a laila e hana ana i kahi "ʻōpae pūpū palupalu".

4. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka nele i ka meaʻai nā kumu nui o ka maʻi

ʻO ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai e ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o nā loko me ke kala wai mānoanoa loa, a ʻaneʻane ʻole ka moakaka. Aia nā ʻili ʻaila a me ka nui o nā limu make ma luna o ka wai, a i kekahi manawa aia nā pahū ʻana o ke ʻala iʻa ma luna o ka wai. I kēia manawa, hoʻonui nui ka limu, a ʻo ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma luna o ka wai ua supersaturated i ke ao; I ka pō, lilo ka nui o nā limu i mea e ʻai ai i ka oxygen, e hopena ana i ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ka loko, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻai ʻana o ka ʻōpae a me ka molting. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua paʻakikī loa ka pūpū.

5. Hiki i ka loli ʻana o ke aniau a me ka mea ʻawahia exogenous ke hoʻoulu i ka molting maʻamau ʻole o ka ʻōpae, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka "ʻōpae ʻili pālua" a me ka "ʻōpae pūpū palupalu".

Ⅲ, Ke Koʻikoʻi ohoʻohui calciumi ka molting o Penaeus vannamei:

Ua nalowale loa ka calcium i mālama ʻia i loko o ke kino o ka ʻōpae. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopihapiha ʻia ke ao waho i ka manawa kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki iā Penaeus vannamei ke omo i ka calcium i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kino wai, kahi mea maʻalahi ke kumu o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka molting o ka ʻōpae. He lōʻihi loa ka manawa paʻakikī ma hope o ka molting. Inā hoʻouka ʻia e ka bacteria a i ʻole ke kaumaha i kēia manawa, he mea maʻalahi loa ka make ʻana i nā pūʻulu. No laila, pono mākou e hoʻopihapiha i ka calcium i loko o ke kino wai ma o nā ʻano hana. Hiki i ka ʻōpae ke omo i ka calcium a me ka ikehu i loko o ke kino wai ma o ka hanu ʻana a me ke komo ʻana o ke kino.

Potasiuma diformate +kalima propionateʻO ke kōkua ʻana i ka sterilization wai a me ka hoʻopihapiha calcium ʻaʻole hiki ke kōkua wale i ka penaeus vannamei e molt mālie, akā e kāohi pū i ka bacteria a pale aku i ke kaumaha, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā pono o ka mahiʻai ʻōpae.